小学英语四大常用时态

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一、先抓住共性

学习时态，就是回答两个问题：事情发生在什么时候？句子里的动词要变成什么样？

先认识这几个词

词	可以这样理解	例子
主语	谁在做这件事。	I, you, he, she, my mother
动词	做什么，或是什么状态。	go, play, read, be
动词原形	动词本来的样子。	go, play, watch
三单	he / she / it 后面，动词在一般现在时里常常要变样。	goes, plays, watches
be 动词	am / is / are / was / were 这一组词。	I am, she is, they were
助动词	帮助句子否定或提问的词。	do, does, did, will

四步判断法

先找时间词：看到 now 就想“正在做”；看到 every day 就想“经常做”；看到 tomorrow 就想“将要做”；看到 yesterday 就想“过去做过”。
再看是谁做：I / you / we / they 通常好判断；he / she / it 要特别留意三单。
看有没有提示词：am / is / are 常和 doing 在一起；will 后面用原形；did 后面也用原形。
最后改动词：确定要写 doing、三单、原形，还是过去式。

时态	一句话理解	常见时间词	最重要的句子骨架
现在进行时	正在做	now, look, listen, at the moment	am / is / are + 动词-ing
一般现在时	经常做，或事实	every day, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays	主语 + 动词原形 / 三单
一般将来时	将要做	tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future	will + 动词原形
一般过去时	过去做过	yesterday, last night, last year, ago	主语 + 动词过去式

四个时态：结构与用法对照

时态	什么时候用	肯定句结构	否定句 / 疑问句关键
现在进行时	说“现在正在发生”的动作。	主语 + am / is / are + doing	否定在 am / is / are 后加 not；疑问把 am / is / are 提前。
一般现在时	说习惯、经常发生的事，或客观事实。	主语 + 动词原形 / 三单	he / she / it 后动词用三单；否定和疑问用 do / does，后面动词回原形。
一般将来时	说还没发生、以后将发生的事。	主语 + will + 动词原形	否定用 will not / won't；疑问把 will 提前；will 后永远用原形。
一般过去时	说过去某个时间已经发生的事。	主语 + 动词过去式	否定和疑问用 did / didn't，后面动词回原形；be 动词用 was / were。

时间标志词 + 动词变化一眼看懂

看到的时间词	常用时态	动词变化	例子
now, look, listen, at the moment	现在进行时	am / is / are + 动词-ing	Look! She is dancing.
every day, often, usually, sometimes, on Sundays	一般现在时	动词原形；he / she / it 后用三单	He often reads books.
tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future	一般将来时	will + 动词原形；或 be going to + 动词原形	We will have a picnic tomorrow.
yesterday, last night, last Sunday, two days ago	一般过去时	规则动词加 -ed；不规则动词要单独记	They played football yesterday.

四个时态都要会的三类句子

句子类型	孩子可以这样记	例子
肯定句	直接说“做了什么”。	I am reading. / He plays football. / We will go. / She watched TV.
否定句	加 not，或用 don't / doesn't / didn't。	I am not reading. / He doesn't play. / We won't go. / She didn't watch TV.
一般疑问句	把 am / is / are / will / did / do / does 放到前面。	Are you reading? / Does he play? / Will we go? / Did she watch TV?

同一个动作换四种时态

英文句子	中文意思	对应时态
I am playing football now.	我现在正在踢足球。	现在进行时
I play football every Sunday.	我每个星期天踢足球。	一般现在时
I will play football tomorrow.	我明天将踢足球。	一般将来时
I played football yesterday.	我昨天踢了足球。	一般过去时

中文母语学习者最要注意：英语动词会因为时间和主语而变化，中文“我去、他去、昨天去、明天去”的“去”不变，但英语通常会变。

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二、动词变形速查

1. 一般现在时：第三人称单数

规则	例子	记法
多数动词直接加 s	play → plays, like → likes, read → reads	he / she / it 后面常常要加 s。
以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾，加 es	go → goes, watch → watches, wash → washes	这些结尾读起来需要多一个音。
辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 ies	study → studies, fly → flies	study 不是 studys。
have 特殊变化	have → has	He has a book.

2. 现在进行时：动词-ing

规则	例子	记法
多数动词直接加 ing	play → playing, read → reading	最常见。
不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing	make → making, write → writing, dance → dancing	makeing 是错的。
重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ing	run → running, swim → swimming, sit → sitting	短词、短元音时常见。
ie 结尾，变 ie 为 y 加 ing	lie → lying, die → dying	小学阶段少见，了解即可。

3. 一般过去时：规则过去式

规则	例子	记法
多数动词直接加 ed	play → played, clean → cleaned	最常见。
以 e 结尾，只加 d	like → liked, dance → danced	不写 likeed。
辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 ied	study → studied, cry → cried	studyed 是错的。
重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ed	stop → stopped, plan → planned	小学常见 stop → stopped。

4. 常见不规则过去式

原形	过去式	中文	例句
am / is	was	是，在	I was happy.
are	were	是，在	They were at school.
go	went	去	We went to the park.
do	did	做	He did his homework.
have	had	有，吃	She had breakfast.
eat	ate	吃	I ate noodles.
drink	drank	喝	Tom drank milk.
see	saw	看见	We saw a bird.
take	took	拿，乘坐	Dad took a photo.
make	made	制作	Mum made a cake.
come	came	来	My friend came to my home.
run	ran	跑	He ran fast.
swim	swam	游泳	They swam in the pool.
read	read	读	I read a story yesterday.
write	wrote	写	She wrote a letter.
buy	bought	买	We bought some fruit.
get	got	得到，到达	I got a new pen.
give	gave	给	He gave me a card.
find	found	找到	She found her bag.
say	said	说	He said hello.
tell	told	告诉	Grandpa told a story.
think	thought	想，认为	I thought about the answer.
teach	taught	教	Miss Li taught us English.
catch	caught	抓住	The boy caught the ball.
sleep	slept	睡觉	The baby slept well.

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三、现在进行时：正在做

now

look

listen

核心：说话的时候，动作正在发生。

结构：主语 + am / is / are + 动词-ing

现在进行时先记这 3 件事

意思：正在做。
时间词：now, look, listen。
动词样子：am / is / are + doing。

肯定句	I am reading a book.
否定句	I am not reading a book.
一般疑问句	Are you reading a book?
简短回答	Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

例句

I am doing my homework now.

She is drawing a cat.

They are playing football.

Look, the dog is running.

We are not watching TV.

Are you listening to me?

例文：Sunday Morning

It is Sunday morning.

I am cleaning my room.

My mother is cooking noodles.

My father is reading a newspaper.

My sister is singing in the living room.

We are having a happy morning.

易错点：不要写成 I am play football. 正确是 I am playing football.

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四、一般现在时：经常做，或事实

every day

usually

often

核心：说习惯、经常发生的事情，或客观事实。

结构：主语 + 动词原形 / 第三人称单数

一般现在时先记这 3 件事

意思：经常做，或一直是真的事情。
时间词：every day, usually, often, on Sundays。
动词样子：I / you / we / they 后多用原形；he / she / it 后常用三单。

肯定句	I play basketball. / He plays basketball.
否定句	I don't play basketball. / He doesn't play basketball.
一般疑问句	Do you play basketball? / Does he play basketball?
简短回答	Yes, I do. / No, he doesn't.

例句

I go to school by bus every day.

She likes apples.

My brother watches TV on Saturdays.

We don't eat ice cream in the morning.

Does your father cook dinner?

The sun rises in the east.

例文：My School Day

I get up at seven every morning.

I have milk and bread for breakfast.

My school starts at eight.

We study Chinese, maths and English.

After school, I usually play table tennis.

I like my school day.

易错点：He go to school every day. 是错的。He 后面要写 goes。

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五、一般将来时：将要做

tomorrow

next week

soon

核心：说还没有发生、以后要发生的事情。

主线结构：主语 + will + 动词原形

补充结构：主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形，常表示已经打算好要做。

一般将来时先记这 3 件事

意思：还没有发生，之后会做。
时间词：tomorrow, next week, soon。
动词样子：will + 原形；或 am / is / are going to + 原形。

肯定句	I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.
否定句	I will not visit my grandparents tomorrow.
一般疑问句	Will you visit your grandparents tomorrow?
简短回答	Yes, I will. / No, I won't.

例句

I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.

She will make a card for her teacher.

We will not be late.

Will they have a picnic next week?

I am going to clean my desk.

It is going to rain soon.

例文：Tomorrow's Plan

Tomorrow is Saturday.

I will get up at eight.

My family will go to the zoo.

We will see pandas and monkeys.

In the evening, I am going to read a storybook.

I think I will have a great day.

易错点：will 后面用动词原形，不写 will goes，也不写 will went。

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六、一般过去时：过去做过

yesterday

last night

ago

核心：说过去某个时间发生的事情。

结构：主语 + 动词过去式

一般过去时先记这 3 件事

意思：过去已经做过。
时间词：yesterday, last night, last Sunday, ago。
动词样子：肯定句常用过去式；用了 did / didn't 后，动词回原形。

肯定句	I visited my grandparents yesterday.
否定句	I didn't visit my grandparents yesterday.
一般疑问句	Did you visit your grandparents yesterday?
简短回答	Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

结构与用法再展开

1. 过去动作：动作已经发生并结束。

I watched TV yesterday.

2. 过去状态：以前是某种状态，用 was / were。

She was tired last night.

3. 过去经历：按顺序讲过去发生的几件事。

We got up, had breakfast and went out.

句型	结构	例子	提醒
动作肯定句	主语 + 动词过去式	I cleaned my room.	clean 变 cleaned。
be 动词肯定句	主语 + was / were	They were happy.	I / he / she / it 用 was；you / we / they 用 were。
否定句	主语 + didn't + 动词原形	He didn't go to school.	didn't 后不要再用 went。
一般疑问句	Did + 主语 + 动词原形?	Did you see the film?	Did 后用 see，不用 saw。
特殊疑问句	疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形?	What did you do yesterday?	问时间用 when，问地点用 where，问事情用 what。

时间标志词 + 动词规则变化

时间标志词	意思	动词规则变化	例子
yesterday	昨天	play → played	I played chess yesterday.
last night / last week / last year	昨晚 / 上周 / 去年	watch → watched	We watched a show last night.
two days ago / three years ago	两天前 / 三年前	visit → visited	They visited Beijing two years ago.
this morning	今天早上，常用于说话时已经过去的早上	study → studied	She studied English this morning.
in 2024 / when I was six	在 2024 年 / 当我六岁时	live → lived	I lived in Nanjing in 2024.

规则过去式四步记：多数加 ed；以 e 结尾加 d；辅音字母 + y 变 ied；短元音重读闭音节常双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ed。

不规则动词变过去式：分组记

分组	原形 → 过去式	例子
be 动词	am / is → was；are → were	I was at home. / They were busy.
去来行动	go → went；come → came；run → ran；swim → swam	We went to the park.
日常高频	do → did；have → had；make → made；get → got	She made a card.
吃喝看拿买	eat → ate；drink → drank；see → saw；take → took；buy → bought	He bought a new pen.
说写读给找	say → said；tell → told；write → wrote；read → read；give → gave；find → found	I wrote a letter.
学习和思考	think → thought；teach → taught；catch → caught；sleep → slept	Miss Li taught us English.

例句

I played chess yesterday.

She went to the museum last Sunday.

We didn't watch a movie last night.

Did you finish your homework?

My father bought a new bike.

They were happy at the party.

例文：Last Saturday

Last Saturday, I got up early.

I had breakfast with my parents.

Then we went to the park.

I saw many flowers there.

In the afternoon, I did my homework.

It was a busy but happy day.

易错点：Did you went to school? 是错的。用了 Did 后，动词要回到原形：Did you go to school?

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七、最后一分钟复习

看到这些词	优先想到	动词怎么变
now, look, listen	现在进行时	am / is / are + doing
every day, usually, often	一般现在时	原形，或 he / she / it 后三单
tomorrow, next week, soon	一般将来时	will + 原形
yesterday, last, ago	一般过去时	过去式；did 后回原形

看句子怎么判断

句子	我这样判断	要记住
Look! She is dancing.	Look 提醒“正在发生”；She 后面用 is；dance 变 dancing。	现在进行时：is + doing。
He often plays football.	often 提醒“经常做”；He 是第三人称单数，所以 play 变 plays。	一般现在时：he / she / it 后注意三单。
We will go to the park tomorrow.	tomorrow 提醒“将要做”；will 后面用 go 原形。	一般将来时：will + 原形。
Did you go to school yesterday?	yesterday 提醒“过去”；句子用了 Did，所以后面写 go，不写 went。	一般过去时：Did 后动词回原形。

最容易混淆的几个提醒

did 后动词回原形：Did you go...? 不写 Did you went...?
will 后动词用原形：will go，不写 will goes / will went。
he / she / it 的一般现在时：常见三单形式有 goes, likes, watches。
现在进行时不要漏 be 动词：I am playing，不写 I playing。